Neuroendocrine carcinoma

Neuroendocrine carcinoma is a rare and aggressive type of cancer that originates from the neuroendocrine cells present throughout the body. These cells are a combination of neuron and endocrine cells and are responsible for producing and releasing hormones into the bloodstream in response to signals from the nervous system.

Overview

Neuroendocrine carcinoma can occur anywhere in the body but is most commonly found in the lung, gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, and appendix. The tumors can be functional, meaning they produce hormones, or non-functional, meaning they do not produce hormones. The symptoms of neuroendocrine carcinoma vary depending on the location of the tumor and whether it is functional or non-functional.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of neuroendocrine carcinoma involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, laboratory tests, and imaging studies. A biopsy is often required to confirm the diagnosis. The pathologist examines the tissue sample under a microscope to determine the type of cells involved and the grade of the tumor.

Treatment

The treatment of neuroendocrine carcinoma depends on the location and stage of the tumor, the patient's overall health, and the patient's personal preferences. Treatment options may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, or a combination of these. In some cases, palliative care to relieve symptoms and improve quality of life may be the best option.

Prognosis

The prognosis for neuroendocrine carcinoma varies widely depending on the location and stage of the tumor, the patient's overall health, and the effectiveness of treatment. In general, neuroendocrine carcinoma is a serious and life-threatening disease with a poor prognosis.

See also

• Neuroendocrine tumor
• Carcinoid
• Small cell lung cancer
• Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma