Nonsteroidal anti inflammatory drug

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a class of pharmaceutical drugs that provide analgesic (pain-killing) and antipyretic (fever-reducing) effects, and, in higher doses, anti-inflammatory effects.

Classification

NSAIDs are usually classified based on their chemical structure. The main classes of NSAIDs are salicylates, propionic acid derivatives, acetic acid derivatives, enolic acid (Oxicams), selective COX-2 inhibitors (coxibs) and sulfonanilides.

Mechanism of action

NSAIDs work by inhibiting the activity of cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX-1 and/or COX-2). In cells, these enzymes are involved in the synthesis of key biological mediators, namely prostaglandins which are involved in inflammation, and thromboxanes, which are involved in blood clotting.

Uses

NSAIDs are used to treat pain, inflammation and fever. Common conditions they're used for include arthritis, menstrual pain, headaches, and injuries.

Side effects

Common side effects of NSAIDs include stomach upset, heartburn, and a tendency to bleed more, especially when taken in high doses or for a long time. More serious side effects can include kidney damage, stomach ulcers, increased blood pressure, and an increased risk of heart attacks.

See also

• Analgesic
• Antipyretic
• Cyclooxygenase
• Prostaglandin
• Thromboxane