Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug

Class of therapeutic drugs

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a class of medications that provide analgesic, antipyretic, and, in higher doses, anti-inflammatory effects. They are among the most commonly used medications worldwide.

Mechanism of Action

NSAIDs work by inhibiting the activity of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes. There are two main types of COX enzymes: COX-1 and COX-2. These enzymes are involved in the synthesis of prostaglandins, which are compounds that mediate inflammation, pain, and fever. By inhibiting COX enzymes, NSAIDs reduce the production of prostaglandins, thereby alleviating symptoms of pain and inflammation.

Common NSAIDs

Some of the most commonly used NSAIDs include:

• Ibuprofen
• Aspirin
• Naproxen
• Diclofenac
• Celecoxib

Therapeutic Uses

NSAIDs are used to treat a variety of conditions, including:

• Arthritis
• Musculoskeletal pain
• Headaches
• Dysmenorrhea (menstrual pain)
• Fever

Side Effects

While NSAIDs are effective in managing pain and inflammation, they can have side effects, particularly with long-term use. Common side effects include:

• Gastrointestinal bleeding
• Ulcer formation
• Renal impairment
• Cardiovascular risk

Contraindications

NSAIDs should be used with caution in individuals with:

• Peptic ulcer disease
• Chronic kidney disease
• Cardiovascular disease
• Asthma

Also see

• Analgesic
• Cyclooxygenase
• Prostaglandin
• Pain management