Nova Scotia

Novascotia topo

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Nova Scotia Köppen

Mi'kmaq people at Tufts Cove, Nova Scotia, Canada, ca. 1871

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EvacutionOfPortRoyal1710byCWJefferys

Deportation Grand-Pré

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AricanNovaScotianByCaptain William Booth1788

Nova Scotia is one of Canada's three Maritime provinces, and one of the four provinces that form Atlantic Canada. Its capital, Halifax, is a major economic centre of the region. Nova Scotia is the second-smallest of Canada's ten provinces, with an area of 55,284 square kilometers, including Cape Breton and another 3,800 coastal islands. As of 2021, the population was 989,000, making it the seventh most populous province in Canada. The province's name, which is Latin for "New Scotland," reflects the early Scottish settlers' influence.

History

Nova Scotia's history dates back thousands of years, with indigenous peoples such as the Mi'kmaq having inhabited the area for over 10,000 years. The region was known as Mi'kma'ki and was part of a larger territory that included most of the Atlantic provinces. The first European explorers arrived in the late 15th century, with the French establishing the first permanent European settlement in North America at Port-Royal in 1605. Nova Scotia was contested between the French and the British for many years, becoming a British colony in 1713 under the terms of the Treaty of Utrecht.

Throughout the 18th and 19th centuries, Nova Scotia was a key battleground and site of settlement for British and French forces, as well as a significant destination for Loyalists fleeing the American Revolution. The province played a crucial role in the development of Canada's maritime industries, including shipbuilding and fishing, and was one of the four original provinces to join the Canadian Confederation in 1867.

Geography

Nova Scotia is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, providing it with a predominantly maritime climate that is milder than that of Canada's interior provinces. The province is noted for its rugged coastline, scenic beauty, and the famous Bay of Fundy, which has the highest tidal range in the world. The interior of the province is characterized by forested valleys, numerous lakes, and rich agricultural lands, particularly in the Annapolis Valley.

Economy

The economy of Nova Scotia is diverse, with key sectors including fishing, tourism, agriculture, mining, and manufacturing. The province is also growing in the technology sector, with Halifax becoming an important center for startups and innovation. Education and health services are significant employers, with the province hosting several institutions of higher education, including Dalhousie University and Saint Mary's University.

Culture

Nova Scotia has a rich cultural heritage that reflects the influences of its indigenous, French, Scottish, and British heritage. The province is known for its music, folklore, and art, which are celebrated in numerous festivals and events throughout the year. The Celtic and Acadian cultures, in particular, have a strong presence in Nova Scotia, contributing to its unique cultural landscape.

Government

Nova Scotia is governed as a parliamentary democracy within the constitutional monarchy of Canada. The province's executive authority is vested in the Lieutenant Governor and the Premier, who heads the government. The Nova Scotia House of Assembly is one of the oldest governing bodies in Canada, reflecting the province's long history of parliamentary democracy.

Education

Nova Scotia has a comprehensive education system, with public schools, private schools, and post-secondary institutions offering a wide range of programs. The province's education system is administered by the Department of Education and Early Childhood Development, ensuring access to quality education for all residents.

Healthcare

The healthcare system in Nova Scotia is publicly funded and provides a wide range of services to residents. The system is administered by the Nova Scotia Health Authority, which manages hospitals, clinics, and healthcare services across the province. Access to healthcare is a priority, with ongoing efforts to improve services and reduce wait times for medical procedures.