OAT3
Detailed article on Organic Anion Transporter 1 (OAT1)
Organic Anion Transporter 1 (OAT1) is a protein encoded by the SLC22A6 gene in humans. It is a member of the solute carrier family and plays a crucial role in the renal excretion of endogenous and exogenous organic anions.
Structure[edit | edit source]
OAT1 is a transmembrane protein that belongs to the SLC22 family of transporters. It is composed of 12 transmembrane domains, with both the N-terminus and C-terminus located intracellularly. The protein is primarily expressed in the proximal tubule cells of the kidney, where it is localized to the basolateral membrane.
Function[edit | edit source]
OAT1 functions as an organic anion exchanger, facilitating the uptake of a wide variety of organic anions from the blood into the renal proximal tubule cells. This process is essential for the renal clearance of many drugs, toxins, and metabolic waste products. OAT1 operates by exchanging intracellular dicarboxylates for extracellular organic anions, utilizing the sodium gradient maintained by the Na+/K+ ATPase pump.
Substrates[edit | edit source]
OAT1 transports a diverse range of substrates, including:
- Para-aminohippurate (PAH)
- Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
- Antibiotics such as penicillin
- Antiviral drugs like acyclovir
- Endogenous compounds such as urate and hippurate
Clinical Significance[edit | edit source]
OAT1 is of significant clinical interest due to its role in drug-drug interactions and its impact on the pharmacokinetics of various medications. Inhibition of OAT1 can lead to altered drug clearance and potential toxicity. Genetic polymorphisms in the SLC22A6 gene can affect OAT1 function and influence individual responses to drugs.
Research and Therapeutic Implications[edit | edit source]
Research into OAT1 has implications for the development of new drugs and the optimization of existing therapies. Understanding the transporter's substrate specificity and inhibition can aid in predicting drug interactions and adverse effects. Additionally, OAT1 is a target for the development of nephroprotective agents that can mitigate drug-induced kidney injury.
Also see[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
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