Occipital ridge

Occipital Ridge refers to the prominent ridge found at the back of the human skull. It is part of the occipital bone, which is one of the several bones that make up the cranium. This ridge serves as an attachment point for several muscles and ligaments that support the head and neck.

Anatomy

The occipital ridge, also known as the nuchal ridge or nuchal line, extends horizontally across the back of the occipital bone. It divides the occipital bone into its upper and lower portions. The upper portion is involved in forming the cranial cavity that houses the brain, while the lower portion contributes to the base of the skull.

There are typically four nuchal lines: the highest, superior, inferior, and median nuchal lines. Each of these lines serves as an attachment point for different muscles and ligaments. For example, the trapezius muscle, which is a major muscle of the back, attaches to the superior nuchal line.

Function

The primary function of the occipital ridge is to provide attachment points for muscles and ligaments that are essential for head and neck movements. These muscles and ligaments include:

- The trapezius muscle, which moves the scapula and extends the neck. - The sternocleidomastoid muscle, which flexes and rotates the head. - The nuchal ligament, which provides support to the head by connecting the skull to the vertebrae.

Clinical Significance

Injuries or conditions affecting the occipital ridge can lead to pain, limited mobility, and other symptoms. For example, tension in the muscles attached to the occipital ridge can result in tension headaches or neck pain. Additionally, fractures of the occipital bone can involve the occipital ridge and may require medical intervention.

See Also

• Occipital bone
• Cranium
• Skull
• Nuchal ligament
• Trapezius muscle
• Sternocleidomastoid muscle