Oleandrose

L-Oleandrose.svg

Oleandrose is a type of sugar that is classified as a deoxy sugar. It is a component of certain glycosides, which are compounds that consist of a sugar molecule bonded to another functional group via a glycosidic bond. Oleandrose is particularly notable for its presence in oleandrin, a toxic cardiac glycoside found in the oleander plant.

Structure and Properties

Oleandrose is a monosaccharide with the chemical formula C₆H₁₂O₄. It is a deoxy sugar, meaning it lacks one oxygen atom compared to a typical sugar. This structural modification imparts unique properties to oleandrose, distinguishing it from other sugars like glucose and fructose.

Occurrence

Oleandrose is primarily found in the oleander plant, specifically in the form of glycosides such as oleandrin and neriifolin. These compounds are known for their potent biological activity, particularly their ability to affect the cardiovascular system.

Biological Activity

The glycosides containing oleandrose, such as oleandrin, exhibit significant cardiotoxicity. They inhibit the sodium-potassium pump (Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase), leading to an increase in intracellular sodium and calcium levels. This action can result in cardiac arrhythmias and other serious cardiovascular effects.

Uses

Due to its presence in toxic glycosides, oleandrose itself is not used directly in medicine or food. However, the study of oleandrose-containing compounds has provided valuable insights into the mechanisms of cardiac glycosides and their potential therapeutic applications, particularly in the treatment of certain heart conditions.

Safety and Toxicity

Compounds containing oleandrose, such as oleandrin, are highly toxic and can be fatal if ingested. The oleander plant, which contains these compounds, is considered highly poisonous, and ingestion of any part of the plant can lead to severe poisoning symptoms, including nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and cardiac arrhythmias.

See Also

• Deoxy sugar
• Glycoside
• Oleandrin
• Oleander
• Cardiotoxicity
• Sodium-potassium pump