Poisoning

Arsenic Poisoning

Death rate from unintentional poisoning, OWID

Arsenic trioxide

GHS-pictogram-skull

Poisoning is a condition or process in which an organism becomes ill or dies because it has ingested, inhaled, or absorbed a toxic substance through the skin or mucous membranes. Poisoning can be intentional or accidental and can result from a wide variety of substances, including chemicals, plants, and pharmaceutical drugs. The severity of poisoning can vary greatly depending on the type of poison, the amount absorbed, and the individual's age, health status, and resilience.

Types of Poisoning

Poisoning can be classified into several types based on the nature of the toxic agent involved. Some common types include:

• Chemical Poisoning: Caused by exposure to industrial chemicals, household cleaning products, or other toxic chemicals.
• Drug Poisoning: Results from the overdose or misuse of prescription and over-the-counter medications.
• Food Poisoning: Occurs when one consumes food contaminated with bacteria, viruses, or toxins.
• Plant Poisoning: Caused by the ingestion or contact with toxic plants.
• Venomous Bites and Stings: Poisoning resulting from bites or stings by venomous animals such as snakes, spiders, and scorpions.

Symptoms

The symptoms of poisoning can vary widely but often include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, dizziness, and confusion. In severe cases, symptoms may escalate to seizures, loss of consciousness, and even death. The specific symptoms depend on the substance involved and the amount of exposure.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosis of poisoning typically involves a thorough history taking, physical examination, and sometimes, laboratory tests to identify the poison. Treatment depends on the type of poison involved but may include administering antidotes, performing gastric lavage (stomach pumping), and providing supportive care such as fluids and breathing support.

Prevention

Prevention of poisoning involves proper storage of chemicals and medications, careful handling of potentially toxic substances, and education about the dangers of certain plants and animals. It is especially important to keep hazardous materials out of reach of children, who are particularly vulnerable to accidental poisoning.

See Also

• Toxicology
• Antidote
• Environmental Health
• Occupational Safety and Health