Onyx

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Red onyx - Handicraft

Black Onyx

Kunsthistorisches Museum Vienna June 2006 031

Agra Fort - Jahangir's Throne

Onyx is a semi-precious stone that belongs to the Chalcedony family of minerals. It is characterized by its distinctive banding patterns and is often found in black, but can also appear in a wide range of colors including white, red, and green. The name "onyx" is derived from the Greek word onyx, which means fingernail or claw, referencing the mineral's fingernail-like appearance.

Formation and Characteristics

Onyx forms from the deposition of silica in cold water solutions in caves. Over time, the silica layers stack on top of each other, forming the stone's unique banding pattern. The bands can vary in color depending on the presence of impurities. For example, the presence of iron and carbon can give onyx its characteristic black color.

Historical Significance

Historically, onyx has been used in various cultures for its supposed protective properties. It was popular in Ancient Egypt for making bowls and other pottery items, while the Romans used it for making seals, cameos, and intaglios. Onyx was also used in the construction of buildings and for decorative purposes, such as in the Mughal Empire for inlay work in monuments like the Taj Mahal.

Uses

Today, onyx is still valued in jewelry making for its striking appearance and is often cut into cabochons or used in beads. It is also used in interior design and architectural applications, including as countertops, flooring, and wall cladding, due to its beautiful and unique appearance.

Metaphysical Properties

In New Age spirituality, onyx is believed to have various metaphysical properties. It is often associated with protection, strength, and grounding. Some believe that it can help to shield the mind and body from negative energies, promote emotional well-being, and aid in the development of physical and mental stamina.

Care and Maintenance

Onyx is a relatively soft and porous stone, making it susceptible to scratches and staining. It requires regular care and maintenance to preserve its appearance. Avoiding harsh chemicals and abrasive cleaners is recommended, and sealing the stone can help to protect it from stains and moisture.

Varieties

There are several varieties of onyx, including:

• Sardonyx: A variant that combines layers of sard (a reddish-brown chalcedony) and onyx, known for its beautiful banding.
• Carnelian Onyx: Features bands of white and red, with the red color coming from the presence of iron oxide.
• Black Onyx: Often treated to enhance its color, black onyx is particularly popular in jewelry.

Conclusion

Onyx remains a popular material for both decorative and practical applications due to its unique beauty and the rich history it carries. Whether used in jewelry, interior design, or as a stone of spiritual significance, onyx continues to captivate and inspire.