Oral mucocele

Oral Mucocele

An Oral Mucocele is a common condition affecting the oral mucosa, known by several names including mucous extravasation cyst, mucous cyst of the oral mucosa, and mucous retention and extravasation phenomena. Despite often being referred to as cysts, mucoceles differ because they lack an epithelial lining, classifying them more accurately as polyps. These lesions result from two related phenomena: mucus extravasation phenomenon and mucous retention cyst, leading to the accumulation of mucus from a ruptured salivary gland duct.

Overview

Oral mucoceles are swellings filled with mucin (gel-like saliva) due to the rupture of a salivary gland duct or blockage, leading to mucus accumulation. They can appear anywhere in the oral cavity but are most commonly found on the lower lip, floor of the mouth (ranula), or under the tongue.

An example of an Oral Mucocele on the lower lip. (Placeholder image)

Causes

The primary cause of an oral mucocele is trauma to the salivary gland ducts, which can occur from habitual lip or cheek biting, dental procedures, or accidental injury. Mucous retention cysts, on the other hand, form due to ductal blockage, leading to mucus build-up.

Symptoms

Oral mucoceles present as:

• Swellings or bumps in the oral mucosa, often with a blue or translucent appearance.
• Lesions that are soft and painless, although they can become uncomfortable if large or if repeatedly bitten.
• In some cases, mucoceles can rupture spontaneously, releasing the contained mucus, only to recur if the underlying issue is not resolved.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of oral mucoceles typically involves a clinical examination. Characteristics such as location, size, and history of the lesion aid in the diagnosis. In uncertain cases, or to rule out other conditions, a biopsy may be performed.

Treatment

Treatment options vary based on the size and persistence of the mucocele:

• Small, non-bothersome mucoceles may not require treatment and can resolve on their own.
• Persistent or large mucoceles often require surgical removal, including the affected salivary gland, to prevent recurrence.
• Laser therapy and cryotherapy are less invasive alternatives that have been successful in treating mucoceles.

Complications

While oral mucoceles are generally benign, they can cause discomfort or interfere with eating, speaking, or oral hygiene practices if they become large.

Prevention

Preventing oral mucoceles involves minimizing trauma to the mouth, such as avoiding lip or cheek biting and wearing protective gear during sports or activities that could result in facial injury.

External Links

• American Dental Association
• World Health Organization (WHO): Oral Health.

Oral mucocele Resources
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