Ranula

Ranula

A typical presentation of a ranula under the tongue.

A Ranula is a type of mucous cyst that usually occurs on the underside of the tongue in the oral cavity. It is characterized by a swelling that resembles a frog's underbelly, which is where it gets its name (‘Ranula’ comes from the Latin word ‘rana’, meaning frog).

Causes

Ranulas are typically caused by the obstruction of salivary glands under the tongue. This obstruction leads to the accumulation of saliva, forming a cyst. Common causes of obstruction include trauma, infection, or stones in the salivary gland ducts.

Symptoms

Symptoms of a ranula include:

• Swelling under the tongue, which can vary in size
• Discomfort or difficulty in speaking, eating, or swallowing, especially in larger cysts

Diagnosis

Ultrasound imaging, a diagnostic tool for ranula.

Diagnosis usually involves a clinical examination. Imaging studies like ultrasound or MRI may be used to assess the size and extent of the cyst.

Treatment

Treatment options for ranula include:

• Aspiration of the cyst
• Marsupialization (creating a small opening in the cyst to allow continuous drainage)
• Surgical removal, especially for larger or recurrent cysts

External Links

• National Center for Biotechnology Information - Ranula
• Orphanet - Ranula

Ranula Resources
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