Organic matter

Organic matter refers to the large pool of carbon-based compounds found within natural and engineered, terrestrial and aquatic environments. It is matter composed of organic compounds that has come from the remains of organisms such as plants and animals and their waste products in the environment. Organic molecules can also be made by chemical reactions that don't involve life. Basic structures are created from carbon (C) atoms along with other elements like hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S).

Composition

Organic matter is characterized by its diversity in forms and complexity. It includes various compounds, both natural and synthetic, with high molecular weight. The primary elements include carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen. The secondary elements include phosphorus, sulfur, and other elements like metals.

Formation

Organic matter is formed by the process of decomposition of dead organisms. The process involves the breakdown of complex organic compounds into simpler ones through the action of microorganisms. This process is essential in the nutrient cycle as it helps in the recycling of nutrients.

Role in the Environment

Organic matter plays a crucial role in the environment. It improves the soil structure, increases the water holding capacity of the soil, and enhances the cation exchange capacity. It also serves as a reservoir of nutrients for plants, a source of energy for microorganisms, and contributes to carbon sequestration.

See Also

• Decomposition
• Organic compound
• Carbon cycle
• Soil organic matter