Organophosphorus

Organophosphorus compounds are a group of organic compounds containing phosphorus. They are used primarily in pest control as an alternative to chlorinated hydrocarbons that persist in the environment. Some organophosphorus compounds are highly effective insecticides, although some are extremely toxic to humans, including sarin and VX nerve gases.

Organophosphorus chemistry is the science of the properties and reactivity of organophosphorus compounds. It is the basis for the development of many drugs, pesticides and chemical warfare agents.

History

The development of organophosphorus compounds began with the discovery of phosphorus by Hennig Brand in 1669. He observed that heating urine could produce a substance that glowed in the dark and named it phosphorus mirabilis, meaning "miraculous bearer of light."

Structure and properties

Organophosphorus compounds can be divided into organic derivatives of phosphine and organic derivatives of phosphorus acids. The phosphorus atom in organophosphorus compounds is usually in the oxidation state of +3 or +5.

Uses

Organophosphorus compounds have many uses, including in pest control, medicine, and industry.

Health effects

Exposure to organophosphorus compounds can be harmful to human health. Some compounds, such as sarin and VX, are extremely toxic and can be used as nerve gases.

See also

• Phosphorus
• Organophosphorus chemistry
• Organophosphorus compound poisoning

References

Organophosphorus Resources
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