Orkney

Orkney is an archipelago in the Northern Isles of Scotland, situated off the north coast of Great Britain. Orkney is 16 kilometres (10 mi) north of the coast of Caithness and comprises approximately 70 islands, of which 20 are inhabited. The largest island, known as the "Mainland", has an area that is larger than some of the smaller Scottish islands. The largest settlement and administrative centre is Kirkwall.

History[edit | edit source]

Orkney has a rich history, with human habitation dating back to the Mesolithic period. The islands were ruled by the Norse for over 600 years, which has left a significant impact on the culture and dialect of Orkney. The Orkneyinga saga, a historical narrative written in the 13th century, provides a detailed account of the Norse period in Orkney.

Geography[edit | edit source]

The islands of Orkney are primarily low-lying except for some sharply rising sandstone hills on the Mainland, including Ward Hill and Old Man of Hoy. The coastline is characterized by cliffs, inlets, and sandy beaches. The Gulf Stream gives Orkney a temperate climate remarkably mild for its latitude.

Economy[edit | edit source]

The economy of Orkney is dominated by agriculture, fishing, and tourism. In recent years, there has been growth in other sectors such as renewable energy, with Orkney producing more renewable energy than it consumes.

Culture[edit | edit source]

Orkney has a distinct culture, heavily influenced by its Norse heritage. The annual St Magnus Festival is a significant cultural event, featuring music, theatre, and dance. Orkney is also known for its food and drink, with local specialties including Orkney Cheddar and Orkney Beef.

Wildlife[edit | edit source]

Orkney is home to a rich variety of wildlife, including a large population of seabirds and marine mammals such as seals and whales. The islands are part of the Orkney International Science Festival, which promotes the study and conservation of Orkney's unique wildlife.