PTEN (gene)

PTEN (Phosphatase and tensin homolog) is a gene that encodes a protein that acts as a tumor suppressor. This protein is one of the most important cellular regulators of cell growth and division (proliferation), cell death (apoptosis), and protein synthesis.

Function

The PTEN protein acts as a phosphatase to remove a phosphate group from a molecule of phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PIP3). This action is critical for preventing cells from growing and dividing too rapidly or in an uncontrolled way.

Clinical significance

Mutations in the PTEN gene are associated with a variety of cancers, including breast cancer, thyroid cancer, and endometrial cancer. These mutations often lead to a reduction or loss of PTEN protein function, resulting in increased cell proliferation and reduced cell death.

PTEN in research

PTEN is a major research focus in the field of cancer research. Understanding how PTEN mutations contribute to cancer development and progression can lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies.

See also

• Tumor suppressor gene
• Oncogene
• Cancer genetics

References

Template:Genes on human chromosome 10

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