Para-Tyramine

Para-Tyramine is a naturally occurring monoamine compound and trace amine derived from the amino acid tyrosine. It is often found in various foods and plants and is known to have a significant impact on the human body's neurotransmitter systems.

Chemistry

Para-Tyramine is a phenethylamine derivative, which is a class of compounds that also includes other biologically active compounds such as amphetamines and mescaline. It is structurally similar to dopamine, a key neurotransmitter in the brain. The compound is named for its structure: it is a tyramine molecule with a para substitution pattern on the phenyl ring.

Sources

Para-Tyramine is found in a variety of foods, particularly those that are aged or fermented. These include certain types of cheese, soy products, and fermented foods. It is also found in significant amounts in the broad bean plant (Vicia faba).

Biological Effects

In the human body, Para-Tyramine acts as a neuromodulator or neurotransmitter in the brain. It is thought to play a role in the regulation of mood and behavior. It can also affect the cardiovascular system, leading to increased heart rate and blood pressure.

Health Implications

High levels of Para-Tyramine intake can lead to a condition known as tyramine syndrome, also known as "cheese syndrome". This is due to the compound's ability to trigger the release of norepinephrine, which can lead to an increase in blood pressure. This condition is particularly dangerous for individuals taking MAO inhibitors, as these drugs prevent the breakdown of Para-Tyramine in the body.

See Also

• Tyramine
• Phenethylamine
• Neurotransmitter
• Monoamine oxidase inhibitor