Particle radiation

Particle radiation is a type of radiation that includes subatomic particles such as alpha particles, beta particles, and neutrons. These particles are emitted by radioactive materials, nuclear reactions, and certain high-energy processes such as cosmic rays.

Types of Particle Radiation

Alpha Particles

Alpha particles are a type of particle radiation consisting of two protons and two neutrons. They are emitted by certain types of radioactive materials, such as radium and uranium. Due to their large size and positive charge, alpha particles are relatively slow and can be stopped by a sheet of paper or a few centimeters of air.

Beta Particles

Beta particles are high-energy, high-speed electrons or positrons that are emitted by certain types of radioactive materials. They are smaller and faster than alpha particles, and can penetrate further into materials. However, they can still be stopped by a few millimeters of plastic or aluminum.

Neutrons

Neutrons are uncharged particles that are emitted by certain types of radioactive materials and by nuclear reactions. They are more penetrating than alpha or beta particles, and can pass through several feet of concrete or several meters of water.

Effects of Particle Radiation

Exposure to particle radiation can cause damage to living tissue, leading to radiation sickness or cancer. The extent of the damage depends on the type and energy of the particles, the duration of exposure, and the specific tissues exposed.

Protection Against Particle Radiation

Protection against particle radiation involves shielding, distance, and time. Shielding involves placing materials between the source of the radiation and the person or object to be protected. The type and thickness of the shielding material depends on the type and energy of the particles. Distance involves increasing the distance between the source of the radiation and the person or object to be protected. Time involves reducing the duration of exposure to the radiation.

See Also

• Ionizing radiation
• Radiation protection
• Radiation therapy