Paryushana

File:Paryushan at badawada.jpg

Paryushan at badawada

File:Paryushan at badawada.jpg

Paryushan at badawada

Paryushana is one of the most important and sacred festivals of the Jain community. It is a time of intense spiritual renewal and self-discipline for Jains, during which they increase their level of spiritual intensity often using fasting, prayer, and meditation. The festival marks a period of purification and penance and is observed by both of the major sects of Jainism: the Digambara and the Svetambara. The duration of Paryushana varies between the two sects; the Svetambara sect observes it for eight days, while for the Digambara sect, it lasts for ten days and is known as Das Lakshana.

Origins and Significance

The origins of Paryushana are linked to the wandering monastic lifestyle of the Jain monks. Traditionally, these monks would settle in one place for the rainy season, which coincides with Paryushana. This practice is known as varshavas, literally meaning "rain dwell". During this time, the monks engage in intensive study, fasting, and meditation, setting an example for the Jain lay community.

The festival's significance lies in its focus on spiritual renewal, penance, and forgiveness. It is a time when Jains take vows to observe various religious practices more rigorously, engage in charitable acts, and seek forgiveness from all living beings for any harm they may have caused, intentionally or unintentionally. This practice of seeking forgiveness is encapsulated in the phrase "Micchami Dukkadam," which is widely used during Paryushana.

Practices

During Paryushana, Jains undertake various religious practices such as fasting, reading scriptures, and performing Samayika, a ritual that involves meditation and the affirmation of the Jain identity. The recitation of the Kalpa Sutra, which recounts the life of Lord Mahavira, the 24th Tirthankara, is a key part of the festival for the Svetambara sect. The Digambara sect focuses on the ten cardinal virtues, such as forgiveness, humility, and truthfulness, during the Das Lakshana period.

One of the festival's highlights is the practice of Pratikramana, a form of confession and repentance for past sins, performed daily during Paryushana. This ritual reinforces the Jain ideals of non-violence, truth, and asceticism.

Conclusion

Paryushana is a time for Jains to reflect on their actions over the past year and to purify their souls by observing various religious practices. It is a period for self-discipline, penance, and seeking forgiveness, which are central to Jain ethics and spirituality. The festival not only strengthens the individual's commitment to Jain principles but also fosters a sense of community among Jains worldwide.