Pefloxacine

Pefloxacine is a synthetic antibiotic belonging to the fluoroquinolone class, which is a group of antibiotics known for their broad-spectrum activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Pefloxacine works by inhibiting bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, enzymes critical for DNA replication and cell division, leading to the death of the bacterial cell. This mechanism of action is similar to other fluoroquinolones, making pefloxacine effective in treating a variety of bacterial infections.

Medical Uses

Pefloxacine is primarily used in the treatment of severe bacterial infections where other antibiotics may not be effective. Its spectrum of activity includes:

• Urinary tract infections (UTIs)
• Respiratory tract infections
• Skin infections
• Bone and joint infections
• Gastrointestinal infections

Pharmacokinetics

Pefloxacine is well absorbed after oral administration, with bioavailability exceeding 90%. It is widely distributed throughout the body, including into the cerebrospinal fluid, achieving therapeutic concentrations in most tissues and body fluids. Pefloxacine is metabolized in the liver and excreted primarily through the urine, with a half-life of approximately 12 hours, allowing for twice-daily dosing in most cases.

Adverse Effects

As with other fluoroquinolones, pefloxacine can cause a range of adverse effects, including:

• Gastrointestinal distress
• Central nervous system effects, such as headache and dizziness
• Tendonitis and tendon rupture
• Photosensitivity
• Allergic reactions

Patients are advised to report any side effects to their healthcare provider, especially if they experience symptoms of tendon damage or severe allergic reactions.

Drug Interactions

Pefloxacine can interact with several other medications, potentially altering their effects. These interactions include:

• Antacids and iron supplements, which can reduce the absorption of pefloxacine
• Theophylline, with increased risk of theophylline toxicity
• Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which may increase the risk of central nervous system stimulation and seizures

Patients should inform their healthcare provider of all medications they are taking to avoid potential drug interactions.

Contraindications

Pefloxacine is contraindicated in patients with a history of hypersensitivity to fluoroquinolones, as well as in pregnant and breastfeeding women due to the potential risk of harm to the fetus or nursing infant. It is also advised to use caution in patients with a history of tendon disorders related to fluoroquinolone use.

Conclusion

Pefloxacine is a valuable antibiotic in the treatment of various bacterial infections, especially those resistant to other antibiotics. However, its use must be carefully considered due to the potential for serious side effects and drug interactions. As with all antibiotics, pefloxacine should be used judiciously to minimize the risk of developing antibiotic resistance.