Perthes' disease

Perthes' Disease is a rare childhood condition that affects the hip joint. It is also known as Legg-Calve-Perthes disease or LCPD. The disease is named after the three doctors who first described it: Arthur Legg, Jacques Calve, and Georg Perthes.

Overview

Perthes' disease occurs when the blood supply to the rounded head of the femur (thighbone) is temporarily interrupted. Without an adequate blood supply, the bone cells die, a process called avascular necrosis. Over time, the blood supply usually reestablishes itself, and the bone cells can regenerate. However, the temporary lack of blood supply can cause the head of the femur to become misshapen.

Symptoms

The symptoms of Perthes' disease can vary, but they often include limping, pain in the hip, thigh, or knee, and limited range of motion in the hip joint. Some children with Perthes' disease may also have muscle wasting in the thigh.

Causes

The exact cause of Perthes' disease is unknown. However, it is thought to be related to problems with the blood vessels in the hip area. Some studies suggest that it may be linked to genetic factors, as the condition sometimes runs in families.

Diagnosis

Perthes' disease is usually diagnosed through a combination of physical examination, medical history, and imaging tests such as X-rays or MRI scans. The condition can sometimes be difficult to diagnose because the symptoms can be similar to other conditions, such as hip dysplasia or juvenile arthritis.

Treatment

The goal of treatment for Perthes' disease is to help the hip joint grow normally and to relieve symptoms. Treatment options can include physical therapy, medications to manage pain and inflammation, and in some cases, surgery. The specific treatment plan will depend on the child's age, the severity of the disease, and other individual factors.

Prognosis

The prognosis for children with Perthes' disease is generally good, especially if the condition is diagnosed and treated early. Most children are able to return to normal activities after treatment. However, some may have long-term complications, such as arthritis in the hip, if the disease causes permanent changes to the shape of the hip joint.

See also

• Hip dysplasia
• Juvenile arthritis
• Avascular necrosis