Phantom limb syndrome
Phantom limb syndrome is a condition characterized by the sensation that an amputated or missing limb is still attached to the body and is moving appropriately with other body parts. The syndrome is named for the sensations which include both non-painful feelings and, in some cases, painful sensations referred to as phantom limb pain.
Etiology
The exact cause of phantom limb syndrome is unknown. However, it is believed to be related to the way the brain and nervous system interpret the signals from the nerves that originally served the missing limb. After the amputation, these nerves can continue to transmit signals, which the brain interprets as coming from the missing limb.
Symptoms
The primary symptom of phantom limb syndrome is the sensation that the missing limb is still present. This can include feelings of movement, temperature changes, pressure, and in some cases, pain. Phantom limb pain can range from mild to severe, and can be constant or intermittent.
Treatment
Treatment for phantom limb syndrome can be challenging. Options include medication, physical therapy, nerve blocks, and even brain stimulation techniques. In some cases, mirror box therapy, a type of visualization technique, can be helpful.
Research
Research into phantom limb syndrome is ongoing. Scientists are studying the brain and the nervous system to better understand why the sensations occur and how to treat them. This includes research into the use of neuroprosthetics, devices that can replace or improve the function of an impaired nervous system.
See also
WikiMD neurology
External links
- Comprehensive information from the National Institute of health.
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD
