Pholcodine
Overview of Pholcodine use in medicine
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Pholcodine is an opioid cough suppressant (antitussive) that is used to treat dry coughs. It is a morphine derivative, but unlike morphine, it has little to no analgesic or euphoric effects. Pholcodine is primarily used in the treatment of non-productive coughs associated with upper respiratory tract infections.
Pharmacology[edit | edit source]
Pholcodine works by acting on the central nervous system to suppress the cough reflex. It is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and metabolized in the liver. The drug has a long half-life, which allows for less frequent dosing compared to other cough suppressants.
Uses[edit | edit source]
Pholcodine is indicated for the symptomatic relief of unproductive coughs. It is often found in combination with other ingredients in cough syrups and lozenges. Due to its opioid nature, it is important to use pholcodine as directed to avoid potential side effects.
Side Effects[edit | edit source]
Common side effects of pholcodine include drowsiness, dizziness, and gastrointestinal disturbances. Rarely, it can cause allergic reactions or respiratory depression, especially if taken in large doses or in combination with other central nervous system depressants.
Regulation and Availability[edit | edit source]
Pholcodine is available over-the-counter in some countries, while in others it may require a prescription. Its use is regulated due to its potential for abuse and the risk of side effects.
Controversies and Concerns[edit | edit source]
There have been concerns about the use of pholcodine in patients with a history of asthma or other respiratory conditions, as it may exacerbate symptoms. Additionally, there is ongoing research into the potential for pholcodine to cause sensitization to neuromuscular blocking agents used in anesthesia, which could lead to anaphylactic reactions.
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References[edit | edit source]
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