Planovalgus deformity

Flat feet (1)

Planovalgus deformity is a medical condition characterized by the flattening of the arch of the foot (planus) and the outward deviation of the heel (valgus). This condition can affect one or both feet and is commonly referred to as flat feet or fallen arches combined with heel valgus. Planovalgus deformity can lead to various symptoms, including pain in the foot, ankle, and sometimes the knee, due to the misalignment of the foot. It can affect individuals of all ages, from children to adults, and its severity can vary widely.

Causes

Planovalgus deformity can be caused by a variety of factors, including genetic predisposition, obesity, rheumatoid arthritis, posterior tibial tendon dysfunction, and injuries. In children, it is often related to flexible flatfoot, a common and usually benign condition where the arch of the foot is not visible when standing. In adults, it can result from the progression of untreated flexible flatfoot or from the weakening of the foot's tendons and ligaments due to age or other health conditions.

Symptoms

The most noticeable symptom of planovalgus deformity is the flattening of the foot's arch and the heel turning outward. Other symptoms may include:

• Pain in the foot, especially in the arch or heel
• Swelling along the inside of the ankle
• Difficulty standing on tiptoe
• Pain and discomfort when walking or standing for long periods
• Wear and tear on shoes, which may wear out more quickly or unevenly

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of planovalgus deformity typically involves a physical examination by a healthcare provider, who will observe the feet from various angles and may ask the patient to stand or walk. Imaging tests, such as X-rays or MRIs, can also be used to assess the severity of the deformity and to rule out other conditions.

Treatment

Treatment for planovalgus deformity varies depending on the severity of the condition and the symptoms presented. Non-surgical treatments may include:

• Orthotic devices to support the foot and correct the deformity
• Physical therapy to strengthen the foot and ankle muscles
• Anti-inflammatory medications to reduce pain and swelling
• Footwear modifications to provide better support

In severe cases, or when non-surgical treatments fail to relieve symptoms, surgery may be considered. Surgical options can range from minimally invasive procedures to correct the tendon alignment to more complex surgeries aimed at reconstructing the foot's arch.

Prevention

While not all cases of planovalgus deformity can be prevented, certain measures can help reduce the risk of developing this condition or prevent it from worsening. These include maintaining a healthy weight, wearing supportive footwear, and engaging in exercises that strengthen the foot and ankle muscles.

See also

• Flat feet
• Foot deformity
• Orthopedic surgery

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