Planovalgus deformity

A foot deformity characterized by a flat arch and outward heel tilt

Overview

Flat feet in a child

Planovalgus deformity, commonly known as flatfoot, is a condition where the arch of the foot collapses, resulting in the entire sole coming into complete or near-complete contact with the ground. This deformity is often accompanied by a valgus position of the heel, where the heel tilts outward. It is a common condition that can affect both children and adults.

Anatomy and Pathophysiology

The foot is a complex structure composed of bones, joints, muscles, and ligaments. In a normal foot, the medial longitudinal arch provides support and flexibility. In planovalgus deformity, this arch is flattened. The talus bone may be displaced, and the calcaneus (heel bone) is often everted, contributing to the valgus position.

Causes

Planovalgus deformity can be congenital or acquired. Congenital causes include genetic factors and developmental abnormalities. Acquired causes are often due to:

• Posterior tibial tendon dysfunction
• Obesity
• Arthritis
• Trauma
• Neuromuscular disorders

Symptoms

Individuals with planovalgus deformity may experience:

• Pain in the foot, ankle, or lower leg
• Swelling along the inside of the ankle
• Difficulty walking or standing for long periods
• Shoes wearing out unevenly

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of planovalgus deformity is typically made through a combination of physical examination and imaging studies. A podiatrist or orthopedic surgeon may assess the alignment of the foot and ankle, and X-rays or MRI scans can be used to evaluate the bones and soft tissues.

Treatment

Treatment options vary depending on the severity of the deformity and the symptoms. They may include:

• Orthotic devices to support the arch
• Physical therapy to strengthen the foot and ankle muscles
• Anti-inflammatory medications for pain relief
• Surgical intervention in severe cases, such as osteotomy or tendon transfer

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with planovalgus deformity varies. Many people with mild deformities can manage symptoms with conservative treatments. However, severe cases may require surgical correction to improve function and alleviate pain.

Prevention

Preventive measures include maintaining a healthy weight, wearing supportive footwear, and engaging in exercises that strengthen the foot and ankle muscles.

Related pages

• Flat feet
• Foot anatomy
• Orthotics
• Podiatry