Port wine stain

Port-wine stain (also known as nevus flammeus) is a vascular malformation characterized by swelling or overgrowth of blood vessels in the skin. This results in a reddish to purplish discoloration of the skin, resembling the color of port wine, hence the name.

Signs and Symptoms

Port-wine stains are present at birth and usually appear as a flat, pink, red, or purple mark on the skin. They can occur anywhere on the body but are most commonly found on the face, neck, scalp, arms, or legs. Over time, port-wine stains may become thicker and develop a pebbly texture.

Causes

Port-wine stains are caused by an abnormal development of blood vessels in the skin. The exact cause is unknown, but it is not caused by trauma, injury, or other external factors. It is not inherited, meaning it does not run in families.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of port-wine stains is usually based on a physical examination. The doctor may use a wood's lamp to examine the skin more closely. In some cases, a skin biopsy may be performed to confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment

Treatment for port-wine stains includes laser therapy, which can lighten the color of the stain and make it less noticeable. Other treatments include dermabrasion, surgery, and cosmetic camouflage.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with port-wine stains is generally good. However, the stain is permanent and may cause emotional or psychological distress due to its appearance.

See Also

• Sturge-Weber syndrome
• Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome
• Phakomatosis pigmentovascularis

References

Port wine stain Resources
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