Postremission therapy
Postremission therapy, sometimes referred to as consolidation therapy, is a phase of cancer treatment that occurs after the initial therapy has successfully brought about a remission of the disease. It is designed to kill any remaining cancer cells in the body and prevent a relapse.
Background[edit | edit source]
While the initial treatment phase, commonly known as induction therapy, aims to achieve remission by reducing the signs and symptoms of the disease, there may still be a small number of cancer cells present. Postremission therapy is crucial to ensure these residual cells are eradicated, reducing the risk of relapse.
Rationale[edit | edit source]
The need for postremission therapy arises from the understanding that:
- Microscopic amounts of disease, undetectable by conventional methods, can still lead to relapse.
- The body's natural defenses, even aided by the initial therapy, might not be sufficient to eradicate all remaining cancer cells.
Types of Postremission Therapy[edit | edit source]
The specific type of therapy recommended can vary depending on the type of cancer, the patient's overall health, and other factors:
- Chemotherapy: Powerful drugs are used to kill cancer cells or prevent them from dividing.
- Radiation therapy: High-energy x-rays or other types of radiation are employed to destroy cancer cells.
- Stem cell transplant: Replaces the blood-forming cells in the bone marrow that have been killed by chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy.
- Targeted therapy: Uses drugs or other agents to identify and attack specific cancer cells without harming normal cells.
- Immunotherapy: Boosts the body's natural defenses to fight cancer.
Indications[edit | edit source]
Postremission therapy is commonly indicated for:
- Acute leukemias: Especially acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).
- Certain aggressive Lymphomas.
- Some solid tumors, depending on their risk of recurrence.
Considerations[edit | edit source]
There are several factors healthcare providers consider when prescribing postremission therapy:
- Type and Stage of Cancer: More aggressive cancers might require intensive therapy.
- Age and Overall Health: Older patients or those with significant co-morbidities might receive less aggressive treatment.
- Response to Induction Therapy: The patient's response to initial treatment can influence the choice and intensity of postremission therapy.
Side Effects[edit | edit source]
Postremission therapies, like other cancer treatments, can have side effects:
- Fatigue
- Nausea and vomiting
- Increased susceptibility to infections
- Hair loss
- Mouth sores
- Changes in appetite
- Skin reactions (for radiation therapy)
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD