Potassium-sparing

Potassium-sparing diuretics are a class of diuretics that do not promote the excretion of potassium in the urine. They are used as a component in the treatment of various conditions including hypertension, edema, heart failure, and hypokalemia.

Mechanism of action

Potassium-sparing diuretics act on the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct of the nephron in the kidney. They inhibit the exchange of sodium for potassium, thereby preventing the loss of potassium in the urine. This is in contrast to other types of diuretics, which increase the excretion of both sodium and potassium.

Types

There are two main types of potassium-sparing diuretics: aldosterone antagonists and sodium channel blockers. Aldosterone antagonists, such as spironolactone and eplerenone, inhibit the action of the hormone aldosterone, which promotes the excretion of potassium. Sodium channel blockers, such as amiloride and triamterene, inhibit the exchange of sodium for potassium in the distal tubule and collecting duct.

Uses

Potassium-sparing diuretics are used in the treatment of conditions where the loss of potassium would be detrimental. These include hypertension, edema, heart failure, and hypokalemia. They are often used in combination with other types of diuretics to prevent hypokalemia.

Side effects

The main side effect of potassium-sparing diuretics is hyperkalemia, or high levels of potassium in the blood. This can lead to serious heart problems. Other side effects can include gynecomastia, menstrual irregularities, and impotence.

See also

• Diuretic
• Hypertension
• Edema
• Heart failure
• Hypokalemia

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