Pre-cancerous

Pre-cancerous conditions, also known as precancer or premalignant conditions, are abnormal changes in cells that may evolve into cancer if not treated or monitored. These conditions are not cancerous themselves, but they are considered a risk factor for the development of cancer.

Definition

The term "pre-cancerous" is used to describe certain conditions or lesions that are not cancer, but have the potential to become cancer. These conditions are characterized by abnormal cell growth, known as dysplasia, which can progress to neoplasia, the uncontrolled and abnormal growth of cells that is characteristic of cancer.

Types of Pre-cancerous Conditions

There are many types of pre-cancerous conditions, which can affect various parts of the body. Some of the most common include:

• Actinic keratosis: A rough, scaly patch on the skin that develops from years of exposure to the sun. It's most commonly found on the face, lips, ears, back of the hands, forearms, scalp or neck.
• Leukoplakia: A condition in which thick, white patches form on the inside of the cheeks, gums or tongue. These patches are caused by chronic irritation, such as from smoking or other tobacco use, and can become cancerous if not treated.
• Colon polyps: Small clumps of cells that form on the lining of the colon. While most colon polyps are harmless, some can develop into colon cancer over time.

Risk Factors

Risk factors for pre-cancerous conditions can vary depending on the specific condition, but some general risk factors include:

• Age: The risk of developing most pre-cancerous conditions increases with age.
• Tobacco use: Smoking and other forms of tobacco use can increase the risk of several pre-cancerous conditions, including leukoplakia and colon polyps.
• Sun exposure: Chronic sun exposure can lead to actinic keratosis, a pre-cancerous skin condition.
• Family history: A family history of certain types of cancer can increase the risk of developing pre-cancerous conditions.

Treatment

Treatment for pre-cancerous conditions depends on the specific condition and the patient's overall health. Options may include monitoring the condition, removing the abnormal cells, or using medications to reverse the cell changes. In some cases, lifestyle changes such as quitting smoking or reducing sun exposure may be recommended.

See Also

• Cancer
• Dysplasia
• Neoplasia
• Actinic keratosis
• Leukoplakia
• Colon polyps