Accessory auricle

Accessory auricle
Accessory auricle
Synonyms	Preauricular tag, ear tag, auricular appendage
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Small, skin-covered nodule or tag near the ear
Complications	Rarely, may be associated with other congenital anomalies
Onset	Congenital
Duration	Lifelong unless surgically removed
Types	N/A
Causes	Developmental anomaly during embryogenesis
Risks	Family history of congenital ear anomalies
Diagnosis	Physical examination
Differential diagnosis	Preauricular sinus, branchial cleft cyst
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Surgical removal if desired for cosmetic reasons
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Excellent
Frequency	Common
Deaths	N/A

Illustration of accessory auricles.

An accessory auricle is a congenital anomaly characterized by the presence of additional auricular tissue. These are typically small, skin-covered nodules or tags that are located anterior to the auricle of the ear. Accessory auricles are considered a minor malformation and are often found in isolation, but they can also be associated with other congenital syndromes.

Anatomy and Development

Accessory auricles are remnants of the first and second branchial arches that fail to regress during embryonic development. They are composed of skin, subcutaneous tissue, and sometimes cartilage. These structures are usually located along the line extending from the tragus to the angle of the mouth, known as the "line of fusion" of the branchial arches.

Clinical Presentation

Accessory auricles are usually asymptomatic and are often discovered incidentally during a physical examination. They can vary in size and shape, ranging from small, pedunculated tags to larger, more complex structures that resemble a miniature ear.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of an accessory auricle is primarily clinical, based on the characteristic appearance and location of the lesion. In some cases, imaging studies such as ultrasound or MRI may be used to assess the extent of the tissue and its composition, especially if surgical removal is considered.

Treatment

Treatment is not necessary unless the accessory auricle causes cosmetic concerns or discomfort. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice and is typically a simple procedure performed under local anesthesia. The excision involves removing the accessory tissue and closing the defect with sutures.

Associated Conditions

While accessory auricles are often isolated findings, they can be associated with certain syndromes, such as Goldenhar syndrome and Treacher Collins syndrome. In these cases, the presence of accessory auricles may be accompanied by other craniofacial anomalies.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with accessory auricles is excellent, especially when they are isolated findings. Surgical removal, if performed, usually results in a good cosmetic outcome with minimal scarring.

Related pages

• Auricle (anatomy)
• Congenital disorder
• Goldenhar syndrome
• Treacher Collins syndrome