Pregnancy loss

Pregnancy loss, also known as miscarriage, is the spontaneous end of a pregnancy before the 20th week. Most pregnancy losses occur before the 12th week of pregnancy. Pregnancy loss is a common event, as about 10-20% of known pregnancies end in miscarriage. However, the actual number is likely higher because many miscarriages occur so early in pregnancy that a woman doesn't realize she's pregnant.

Causes

The causes of pregnancy loss are varied and often unknown. However, most early pregnancy losses are caused by genetic abnormalities in the embryo. Other causes can include hormonal problems, infections, maternal health problems, lifestyle factors such as smoking and drug use, and problems with the immune response.

Symptoms

The symptoms of pregnancy loss can include vaginal bleeding, cramping and pain in the lower abdomen, fluid or tissue passing from the vagina, and a decrease in the signs of pregnancy, such as nausea and breast tenderness.

Diagnosis

Pregnancy loss is diagnosed through a series of tests. These can include a pelvic exam, an ultrasound, blood tests to check hormone levels, and sometimes, tests to evaluate the tissue that has passed from the uterus.

Treatment

Treatment for pregnancy loss depends on the circumstances. If the miscarriage is complete and the uterus has emptied, no further treatment is usually necessary. If the uterus has not emptied, a procedure called a dilation and curettage (D&C) may be performed. In some cases, medication may be given to help the body expel the pregnancy tissue.

Emotional Impact

The emotional impact of a pregnancy loss can be significant. Many women experience feelings of grief, guilt, anger, and depression. It's important to seek support during this time, whether from a professional counselor, a support group, or loved ones.

Prevention

While many causes of pregnancy loss can't be prevented, maintaining a healthy lifestyle can increase the chances of a successful pregnancy. This includes avoiding harmful substances, eating a balanced diet, getting regular exercise, and receiving regular prenatal care.

See Also

• Stillbirth
• Ectopic pregnancy
• Molar pregnancy
• Recurrent miscarriage

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