Pregnanediol glucuronide

Pregnanediol glucuronide (PDG) is a metabolite of progesterone, a steroid hormone that plays a crucial role in the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and embryogenesis. PDG is produced in the liver and excreted in the urine.

Structure and Synthesis

Pregnanediol glucuronide is a glucuronide conjugate, meaning it is formed by the combination of a substance with glucuronic acid. The synthesis of PDG involves the reduction of progesterone to pregnanediol by the enzyme 5α-reductase, followed by the addition of two glucuronic acid molecules by the enzyme UDP-glucuronosyltransferase.

Function

The primary function of PDG is to facilitate the excretion of progesterone metabolites from the body. However, it also serves as a useful biomarker for assessing progesterone levels, particularly in the context of fertility studies and ovulation tracking.

Measurement

The levels of PDG in the urine can be measured using various methods, including enzyme immunoassays, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and radioimmunoassay. These measurements can provide valuable information about a woman's menstrual cycle and fertility status.

Clinical Significance

Abnormal levels of PDG can indicate various health conditions. Low levels may suggest luteal phase defect, a condition that can cause infertility and miscarriage. High levels can be associated with conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome and endometriosis.

See Also

• Progesterone
• Glucuronidation
• 5α-reductase
• UDP-glucuronosyltransferase
• Luteal phase defect
• Polycystic ovary syndrome
• Endometriosis