Prolongation

Auskomponierung arpeggiation

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Ursatz 321IVI revised

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Bass prolongation

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Bach Sinfonia 15, BWV 801 prolongation of arpeggio, measures 3-4

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Chopin Nocturne in C minor, Op. 48-1 prolongation of arpeggio, measures 1-4

Prolongation refers to the extension or lengthening of duration, and it can be applied across various contexts, including music, medicine, psychology, and linguistics. In each of these fields, prolongation carries specific meanings and implications.

Music

In music theory, prolongation is a concept used to describe the extension of a pitch or harmony beyond its expected temporal duration. This can be achieved through various means such as repetition, sequence, or the use of non-chord tones that embellish a sustained harmony. The concept is closely associated with the theories of Heinrich Schenker, who viewed prolongation as a fundamental aspect of tonal structure, where more stable, structural tones are prolonged through less stable, decorative tones.

Medicine

In the medical field, prolongation often refers to the extension of a disease process or the lengthening of a QT interval on an electrocardiogram (ECG). QT prolongation is a particular concern as it can indicate an increased risk of a type of arrhythmia called Torsades de Pointes, which can be potentially life-threatening. Medications, electrolyte imbalances, and genetic conditions are among the causes of QT prolongation.

Psychology

In psychology, prolongation might refer to the extended duration of a psychological state or process. For example, the prolongation of stress or anxiety can have significant implications for an individual's mental health, potentially leading to conditions such as chronic stress or generalized anxiety disorder. Therapeutic interventions may focus on strategies to reduce the prolongation of these adverse psychological states.

Linguistics

In linguistics, prolongation refers to the lengthening of a phoneme or syllable, which can affect the meaning of a word or its grammatical properties. This phonetic and phonological process is observed in various languages and can be indicative of stress, emphasis, or morphological changes.