Prolonged grief disorder

Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD), previously known as Complicated Grief, is a condition characterized by intense and persistent grief that lasts longer than the culturally expected period following a loss. The condition is marked by a prolonged and intense period of mourning, difficulty moving on with life, and a preoccupation with the thoughts of the deceased. This article provides an overview of PGD, including its symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options.

Symptoms

The primary symptom of PGD is a persistent and profound sorrow or grief that interferes with daily functioning and lasts for more than six months after the loss. Other symptoms may include:

• Intense longing or yearning for the deceased
• Preoccupation with thoughts or memories of the deceased
• Difficulty accepting the death
• Feeling that life is meaningless without the deceased
• Avoidance of reminders of the deceased
• Intense emotional pain, sorrow, or pangs of grief
• Difficulty engaging with social or work activities
• Feelings of detachment or isolation from others

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of PGD is based on the criteria outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) or the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). A healthcare professional, typically a psychologist or psychiatrist, will conduct a thorough clinical assessment to determine if an individual's symptoms meet the criteria for PGD. This assessment may include structured interviews and self-report questionnaires.

Treatment

Treatment for PGD may involve a combination of psychotherapy and medication. The most effective treatment approach is tailored to the individual's specific needs and symptoms.

Psychotherapy

• Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): CBT for PGD focuses on addressing the thoughts, behaviors, and emotions associated with the grief process. It may involve techniques to challenge unhelpful beliefs about the grief and learning coping strategies.
• Grief Counseling: Specialized grief counseling provides a supportive environment to express feelings and learn to cope with the loss.
• Complicated Grief Therapy (CGT): CGT is a specific type of therapy designed to address the unique aspects of complicated or prolonged grief.

Medication

While there is no specific medication for PGD, antidepressants or anti-anxiety medications may be prescribed to help manage symptoms of depression or anxiety that often accompany prolonged grief.

Epidemiology

PGD affects a significant portion of individuals who experience the loss of a loved one. The prevalence of PGD varies, but it is estimated that approximately 10% of bereaved individuals will develop PGD.

Prognosis

With appropriate treatment, individuals with PGD can experience significant improvement in their symptoms. However, the grieving process is highly individual, and the duration of treatment may vary.

See Also

• Bereavement
• Grief
• Depression (mood)
• Anxiety Disorders