Propham

Propham is a carbamate herbicide and plant growth regulator used primarily for the control of weeds and the inhibition of sprouting in stored potatoes. It is a member of the phenylcarbamate class of chemicals.

Chemical Properties

Propham, with the IUPAC name isopropyl N-phenylcarbamate, is a white crystalline solid with a melting point of 46-50°C. It is moderately soluble in water and more soluble in organic solvents such as acetone and ethanol. The chemical formula for propham is C₁₀H₁₃NO₂.

Mechanism of Action

Propham functions by inhibiting cell division in plants, which effectively prevents the growth of weeds and the sprouting of tubers. It interferes with the synthesis of microtubules, which are essential for cell division, thus acting as a mitotic inhibitor.

Uses

Propham is widely used in agriculture for:

• Weed Control: Applied to fields to control the growth of annual grasses and broadleaf weeds.
• Sprout Inhibition: Used in storage facilities to prevent the sprouting of potatoes and other tubers, thereby extending their shelf life.

Safety and Environmental Impact

Propham is considered to have low acute toxicity to humans and animals. However, it can cause irritation to the skin and eyes upon contact. It is important to handle it with appropriate protective equipment.

In terms of environmental impact, propham is moderately persistent in soil and can leach into groundwater under certain conditions. It is not highly toxic to aquatic organisms but should be used with caution to prevent contamination of water bodies.

Regulation

Propham is regulated by various agricultural and environmental agencies worldwide. In the United States, it is registered under the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and must be used according to label instructions to minimize risks to human health and the environment.

Also see

• Carbamate
• Herbicide
• Plant growth regulator
• Weed control
• Potato storage