Agricultural

Agriculture is the practice of cultivating plants and livestock. Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that enabled people to live in cities. The history of agriculture began thousands of years ago. After gathering wild grains beginning at least 105,000 years ago, nascent farmers began to plant them around 11,500 years ago. Pigs, sheep, and cattle were domesticated over 10,000 years ago. Plants were independently cultivated in at least 11 regions of the world.

History

The development of agriculture has been a significant factor in the growth of human civilization. The Neolithic Revolution led to the development of agriculture, which allowed humans to settle in one place and form complex societies. The Green Revolution in the 20th century introduced new technologies, crop varieties, and farming practices to increase food production.

Types of Agriculture

Agriculture can be broadly categorized into two types: subsistence agriculture and commercial agriculture.

• Subsistence Agriculture: This type of agriculture is practiced to meet the needs of the farmer's family. It involves small-scale farming with traditional methods.
• Commercial Agriculture: This type of agriculture is practiced for profit. It involves large-scale farming with modern techniques and equipment.

Agricultural Practices

Agricultural practices vary widely across the world and are influenced by the climate, soil, and available technology. Some common practices include:

• Crop rotation
• Irrigation
• Pest control
• Soil management

Crops

Crops are plants grown for food, fiber, and other uses. Major crops include:

• Cereals: such as wheat, rice, and maize
• Legumes: such as soybeans and lentils
• Root vegetables: such as potatoes and carrots
• Fruits: such as apples and bananas

Livestock

Livestock refers to domesticated animals raised in an agricultural setting to produce commodities such as food, fiber, and labor. Common livestock includes:

• Cattle
• Sheep
• Goats
• Poultry

Agricultural Technology

Advancements in agricultural technology have significantly increased productivity and efficiency. Some key technologies include:

• Tractors
• Combine harvesters
• Genetically modified crops
• Precision agriculture

Environmental Impact

Agriculture has a significant impact on the environment. Issues include:

• Deforestation
• Soil erosion
• Water pollution
• Climate change

Sustainable Agriculture

Sustainable agriculture aims to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Practices include:

• Organic farming
• Agroforestry
• Permaculture
• Conservation tillage

See Also

• Agronomy
• Horticulture
• Aquaculture
• Agroecology