Psychogenic non-epileptic seizure

Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures
Synonyms	Non-epileptic attack disorder (NEAD), functional seizures
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Seizure-like episodes without abnormal electrical activity in the brain
Complications	N/A
Onset	Typically in adolescence or early adulthood
Duration	Variable
Types	N/A
Causes	Psychological stress, trauma, conversion disorder
Risks	History of abuse, anxiety disorders, depression
Diagnosis	Video EEG monitoring, clinical history
Differential diagnosis	Epileptic seizures, syncope, migraine, panic attacks
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Cognitive behavioral therapy, psychotherapy, stress management
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Variable, often chronic
Frequency	2-33 per 100,000 people per year
Deaths	N/A

Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) are a type of seizure that are not caused by electrical activity in the brain. They are often considered a form of somatoform disorder, and are typically associated with mental health conditions such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, and depression.

Definition

PNES are seizures that appear similar to epileptic seizures, but are not caused by abnormal brain electrical discharges. They are a type of functional neurological symptom disorder, which means they are caused by neurological symptoms that are not linked to a physical cause.

Causes

The exact cause of PNES is not known, but they are often associated with psychological factors. These can include stress, trauma, or mental health conditions such as anxiety and depression. Some studies have also suggested a link between PNES and certain personality traits or disorders.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of PNES can be challenging, as the seizures can appear very similar to epileptic seizures. However, they do not show the typical electrical discharges associated with epilepsy on an electroencephalogram (EEG). Instead, diagnosis is usually based on a combination of medical history, symptom presentation, and ruling out other potential causes.

Treatment

Treatment for PNES typically involves addressing the underlying psychological issues. This can include psychotherapy, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), and in some cases, medication for associated mental health conditions.

Prognosis

The prognosis for PNES varies widely, depending on factors such as the individual's overall mental health, the effectiveness of treatment, and the individual's ability to manage stress and other triggers.

See also

• Epilepsy
• Functional neurological symptom disorder
• Somatoform disorder

References

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