Somatoform disorder

Somatoform disorder is a category of mental disorder characterized by physical symptoms that mimic physical disease or injury for which there is no identifiable physical cause. These symptoms are not under the individual's conscious control and are not explained by a general medical condition, the direct effects of a substance, or another mental disorder.

Definition

The term "somatoform" is derived from the Greek word "soma," meaning body. In the context of psychiatry, it refers to physical symptoms that appear to be medical in nature but cannot be explained by a medical condition, physical examination, or diagnostic tests. These symptoms are not intentionally produced or feigned, and they cause significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.

Classification

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), published by the American Psychiatric Association, classifies somatoform disorders into several types:

• Somatization disorder: This is characterized by a history of many physical complaints beginning before age 30 years that occur over a period of several years.
• Undifferentiated somatoform disorder: This is characterized by one or more physical complaints, such as fatigue or loss of appetite, for at least six months.
• Conversion disorder: This involves unexplained symptoms or deficits affecting voluntary motor or sensory function that suggest a neurological or other general medical condition.
• Pain disorder: This is characterized by pain as the predominant focus of clinical attention.
• Hypochondriasis: This involves preoccupation with fears of having a serious disease based on the person's misinterpretation of bodily symptoms.
• Body dysmorphic disorder: This involves preoccupation with an imagined defect in physical appearance.

Causes

The exact cause of somatoform disorders is unknown, but researchers believe they are likely caused by a combination of genetic, biological, and environmental factors. Some theories suggest that people with somatoform disorders may have a heightened sensitivity to pain and other bodily sensations.

Treatment

Treatment for somatoform disorders typically involves a combination of psychotherapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, and medication. The goal of treatment is to help the individual manage their symptoms and improve their ability to function in daily life.

See also

• Psychosomatic medicine
• Functional neurological symptom disorder
• Factitious disorder