Somatic symptom disorder

Somatic symptom disorder (SSD) is a mental disorder characterized by an extreme focus on physical symptoms that causes significant distress and/or interferes with daily functioning. The individual has persistent thoughts about the seriousness of their symptoms, experiences high levels of anxiety about health or symptoms, and devotes excessive time and energy to these symptoms or health concerns.

Symptoms

The primary symptom of SSD is the excessive concern, anxiety, and time spent focusing on physical symptoms. The symptoms may or may not be associated with a diagnosed medical condition, but the individual experiences them as real and often severe. Symptoms can involve any part of the body and can vary in severity. They may include pain, fatigue, shortness of breath, or weakness.

Causes

The exact cause of SSD is unknown, but it is believed to be a complex interaction of genetic, biological, and psychological factors. Some individuals may be more prone to developing SSD due to their temperament and how they perceive and cope with stress or illness.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of SSD is based on the individual's medical history, a physical exam, and sometimes diagnostic tests. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), published by the American Psychiatric Association, provides criteria for diagnosing SSD. These include having one or more somatic symptoms that are distressing or result in significant disruption of daily life, and excessive thoughts, feelings, or behaviors related to these symptoms.

Treatment

Treatment for SSD typically involves a combination of psychotherapy and medication. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) can help individuals learn new ways of thinking about and coping with their symptoms. Medications, such as antidepressants, can help manage any underlying mental health conditions that may be contributing to the symptoms.

See also

• Conversion disorder
• Illness anxiety disorder
• Pain disorder
• Body dysmorphic disorder