Psoroptes

Psoroptes cuniculi

Psoroptes is a genus of mites that are parasitic on the skin of various mammals, including livestock and wildlife. These mites are known for causing a condition called psoroptic mange, which can lead to significant economic losses in the agricultural industry due to the impact on animal health and productivity.

Taxonomy and Classification

Psoroptes belongs to the family Psoroptidae within the order Sarcoptiformes. The genus includes several species, with the most notable being Psoroptes ovis, Psoroptes cuniculi, and Psoroptes equi. These species are primarily differentiated by their host specificity and morphological characteristics.

Life Cycle

The life cycle of Psoroptes mites includes several stages: egg, larva, protonymph, tritonymph, and adult. The entire life cycle can be completed in about 10-14 days under optimal conditions. Female mites lay eggs on the host's skin, which hatch into larvae. The larvae then develop through nymphal stages before reaching adulthood. Adult mites can survive off the host for a limited period, making direct contact between animals a primary mode of transmission.

Pathogenesis

Psoroptes mites feed on the skin surface, causing intense itching and irritation. The mites' saliva contains proteolytic enzymes that break down skin tissues, leading to the formation of scabs and lesions. This condition, known as psoroptic mange, can result in hair loss, secondary infections, and significant discomfort for the affected animals. In severe cases, it can lead to weight loss, decreased milk production, and even death.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of psoroptic mange is typically based on clinical signs and the identification of mites in skin scrapings. Microscopic examination of the scrapings can reveal the presence of Psoroptes mites, which have distinctive long, jointed pedicels on their legs.

Treatment and Control

Treatment of psoroptic mange involves the use of acaricides, which can be applied topically, orally, or via injection. Commonly used acaricides include ivermectin, moxidectin, and doramectin. In addition to treating affected animals, it is important to implement biosecurity measures to prevent the spread of mites, such as quarantine of new animals and regular monitoring of livestock.

Economic Impact

Psoroptic mange can have a significant economic impact on the livestock industry due to decreased productivity, increased veterinary costs, and the need for acaricide treatments. Effective management and control strategies are essential to minimize these losses.

Related Pages

• Mange
• Sarcoptiformes
• Acaricide
• Livestock diseases