Puffball

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Puffball fungai

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Puffball Mushrooms On Sale

File:Common puffball, releasing spores in a burst by compressing the body.webm

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Lycoperdon pyriforme Sasata scale

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Lycoperdon echinatum - Vesse de loup hérissée

Puffballs are a group of fungi belonging to the division Basidiomycota and are known for their unique round, puff-like appearance. Unlike many other fungi that grow in a cap-and-stem form, puffballs do not have an open and exposed spore-bearing surface when mature. Instead, spores are produced internally in a spheroid fruiting body and are released through a hole that develops at the top or by the fruiting body disintegrating. Puffballs belong to several genera within the family Agaricaceae, with Lycoperdon and Calvatia being among the most well-known.

Description

Puffballs vary in size from small, like the marble-sized Lycoperdon perlatum, to large, like the giant puffball (Calvatia gigantea) which can reach diameters up to 90 cm. The outer surface of young puffballs is typically smooth or covered in spines or warts. As they mature, the texture can change, and the color may shift from white to brown or black as the spores mature. The interior of young puffballs is solid and white but becomes powdery and brown as the spores develop.

Habitat and Distribution

Puffballs are found worldwide, inhabiting a variety of ecosystems from grasslands to forests. They are saprotrophic, feeding on dead organic matter, which makes them an important part of the ecosystem in recycling nutrients. Some species prefer specific habitats; for example, the giant puffball often grows in meadows or along forest edges.

Lifecycle

The lifecycle of a puffball starts with the germination of spores, which develop into a mass of hyphae called a mycelium. The mycelium absorbs nutrients from the environment, and when conditions are favorable, it forms a compact mass that develops into the fruiting body. As the puffball matures, the interior cells break down to form spores. When mature, puffballs release their spores through an aperture or when the outer layer disintegrates or is breached, often by raindrops or animals.

Edibility

Many puffballs are edible when young and the flesh is still white and firm. However, it is crucial to correctly identify them, as some can be confused with immature stages of poisonous fungi, such as the Amanita species. The giant puffball is a popular choice for foraging due to its size and distinctive appearance, making it easier to identify.

Conservation

While puffballs are not generally considered endangered, their habitats, like those of many fungi, can be threatened by human activities such as deforestation, pollution, and climate change. Conservation efforts for fungi, including puffballs, focus on preserving their natural habitats and understanding their ecological roles.

	glebal hymenium
	hymenium attachment is not applicable
	lacks a stipe
	spore print is brown
	ecology is saprotrophic
	edibility: edible