Qatar

Excavated site on Al Khor Island

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Map of Catura (Qatar) 1794 (cropped)

Qatar, Zubarah (10), ruined city

Qatar in Stielers Handatlas 1891 59.JPG

Qatar (Arabic: قطر‎, Qaṭar) is a sovereign state located in Western Asia, occupying the small Qatar Peninsula on the northeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula. Its sole land border is with Saudi Arabia to the south, with the rest of its territory surrounded by the Persian Gulf. The capital and largest city is Doha.

History

The history of Qatar dates back to the 4th century BC. The region has been inhabited by various groups, including the Persians, Arabs, and Ottomans. In the 18th century, the Al Thani family established their rule over the peninsula. Qatar became a British protectorate in the early 20th century and gained independence on September 3, 1971.

Geography

Qatar is a flat and arid country, with its highest point being only 103 meters above sea level. The country has a desert climate with extremely hot summers and mild winters. The terrain consists mostly of sand dunes and salt flats.

Politics

Qatar is an absolute monarchy ruled by the House of Thani. The current Emir is Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani, who has been in power since 2013. The country has no political parties, and the Emir holds executive and legislative authority.

Economy

Qatar has one of the highest per capita incomes in the world, largely due to its vast reserves of natural gas and oil. The country is the world's largest exporter of liquefied natural gas (LNG). The government has been investing heavily in infrastructure, education, and healthcare to diversify the economy.

Demographics

The population of Qatar is approximately 2.8 million, with expatriates making up the majority. The official language is Arabic, and Islam is the state religion. The country has a high standard of living and offers extensive social services to its citizens.

Culture

Qatari culture is deeply rooted in Islamic traditions. The country celebrates various Islamic holidays, and the Qatar National Day is celebrated on December 18. Traditional Qatari music, dance, and cuisine are integral parts of the culture.

Education

Qatar has made significant investments in education, with institutions like Qatar University and branches of international universities in Education City. The country aims to become a regional hub for education and research.

Sports

Qatar is known for its investment in sports, particularly football (soccer). The country hosted the 2022 FIFA World Cup, making it the first Middle Eastern country to do so. Other popular sports include cricket, tennis, and athletics.

Healthcare

Qatar has a well-developed healthcare system, with numerous hospitals and clinics providing high-quality medical services. The country has been focusing on improving healthcare infrastructure and services as part of its national development strategy.

Transportation

Qatar has a modern transportation network, including Hamad International Airport, which serves as a major hub for international flights. The country is also developing a metro system in Doha and has an extensive road network.

See also

• Doha
• Al Thani family
• 2022 FIFA World Cup
• Hamad International Airport
• Qatar University