Radiosensitizer

From WikiMD.com - Food, Medicine & Wellness Encyclopedia

Radiosensitizer[edit | edit source]

Cisplatin, a common radiosensitizer used in cancer treatment.

A radiosensitizer is a type of drug that makes cancer cells more sensitive to radiation therapy. By enhancing the effects of radiation, radiosensitizers can improve the efficacy of treatment, potentially leading to better outcomes for patients with certain types of cancer.

Mechanism of Action[edit | edit source]

Radiosensitizers work by interfering with the DNA repair mechanisms of cancer cells. When radiation damages the DNA of a cell, the cell attempts to repair this damage. Radiosensitizers inhibit these repair processes, making it more likely that the cell will die as a result of the radiation exposure. This is particularly useful in targeting tumor cells, which often have more robust repair mechanisms compared to normal cells.

Types of Radiosensitizers[edit | edit source]

There are several classes of radiosensitizers, each with different mechanisms of action:

  • Hypoxic Cell Sensitizers: These drugs target hypoxic (low oxygen) areas within tumors, which are typically more resistant to radiation. Examples include nimorazole and misonidazole.
  • Chemotherapeutic Agents: Some chemotherapy drugs, such as cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil, also act as radiosensitizers. They enhance the effects of radiation by damaging DNA and inhibiting repair.

Clinical Applications[edit | edit source]

Radiosensitizers are used in the treatment of various cancers, including head and neck cancer, lung cancer, and glioblastoma. The choice of radiosensitizer depends on the type of cancer, the stage of the disease, and the overall treatment plan.

In clinical practice, the use of radiosensitizers is carefully planned to maximize the therapeutic ratio—the balance between tumor control and normal tissue damage. This involves precise radiation therapy planning and often requires a multidisciplinary team approach.

Challenges and Research[edit | edit source]

While radiosensitizers offer significant potential, their use is not without challenges. The main issues include:

  • Toxicity: Many radiosensitizers can increase the side effects of radiation therapy, leading to greater toxicity in normal tissues.
  • Resistance: Tumors may develop resistance to radiosensitizers, reducing their effectiveness over time.

Ongoing research is focused on developing new radiosensitizers with improved specificity and reduced side effects. Advances in molecular biology and genomics are aiding in the identification of novel targets for radiosensitization.

Related Pages[edit | edit source]

WikiMD
Navigation: Wellness - Encyclopedia - Health topics - Disease Index‏‎ - Drugs - World Directory - Gray's Anatomy - Keto diet - Recipes

Search WikiMD

Ad.Tired of being Overweight? Try W8MD's physician weight loss program.
Semaglutide (Ozempic / Wegovy and Tirzepatide (Mounjaro / Zepbound) available.
Advertise on WikiMD

WikiMD's Wellness Encyclopedia

Let Food Be Thy Medicine
Medicine Thy Food - Hippocrates

Medical Disclaimer: WikiMD is not a substitute for professional medical advice. The information on WikiMD is provided as an information resource only, may be incorrect, outdated or misleading, and is not to be used or relied on for any diagnostic or treatment purposes. Please consult your health care provider before making any healthcare decisions or for guidance about a specific medical condition. WikiMD expressly disclaims responsibility, and shall have no liability, for any damages, loss, injury, or liability whatsoever suffered as a result of your reliance on the information contained in this site. By visiting this site you agree to the foregoing terms and conditions, which may from time to time be changed or supplemented by WikiMD. If you do not agree to the foregoing terms and conditions, you should not enter or use this site. See full disclaimer.
Credits:Most images are courtesy of Wikimedia commons, and templates, categories Wikipedia, licensed under CC BY SA or similar.

Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD