Immune receptor

Immune Receptor

An immune receptor is a protein present on the surface of immune cells that binds to foreign substances, known as antigens, in the body. This binding process triggers an immune response, which is the body's way of defending itself against harmful substances.

Types of Immune Receptors

There are several types of immune receptors, including:

• T cell receptors (TCRs): These are found on the surface of T cells, a type of white blood cell. TCRs recognize and bind to antigens presented by Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules on the surface of infected cells.

• B cell receptors (BCRs): These are found on the surface of B cells, another type of white blood cell. BCRs recognize and bind to antigens directly, without the need for MHC presentation.

• Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs): These are found on the surface of innate immune cells, such as macrophages and dendritic cells. PRRs recognize and bind to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), which are common features of many pathogens.

Function of Immune Receptors

The primary function of immune receptors is to recognize and bind to antigens. This binding process triggers a series of cell signaling events that lead to an immune response. This response can involve the production of antibodies by B cells, the activation of T cells to kill infected cells, or the activation of innate immune cells to engulf and destroy pathogens.

Role in Immune Disorders

Abnormalities in immune receptors can lead to various immune disorders. For example, mutations in TCRs or BCRs can lead to autoimmune diseases, where the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own cells. On the other hand, deficiencies in PRRs can lead to increased susceptibility to infections.

See Also

• Immune system
• Antigen
• Antibody
• Autoimmune disease
• Infection