Rectus capitis

Rectus capitis is a term used to describe two small muscles located in the neck, which are part of the suboccipital group of muscles. These muscles play a crucial role in the movement and stabilization of the head.

Anatomy

The rectus capitis muscles are divided into two distinct muscles:

• Rectus capitis posterior major
• Rectus capitis posterior minor

Rectus Capitis Posterior Major

The Rectus capitis posterior major originates from the spinous process of the axis (C2), which is the second cervical vertebra. It inserts into the lateral part of the inferior nuchal line of the occipital bone. This muscle is responsible for extending and rotating the head.

Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor

The Rectus capitis posterior minor originates from the posterior tubercle of the atlas (C1), the first cervical vertebra. It inserts into the medial part of the inferior nuchal line of the occipital bone. This muscle assists in extending the head.

Function

The primary functions of the rectus capitis muscles include:

• Extension of the head
• Rotation of the head
• Stabilization of the atlanto-occipital joint

These muscles work in conjunction with other suboccipital muscles, such as the obliquus capitis superior and obliquus capitis inferior, to facilitate precise movements of the head.

Innervation

The rectus capitis muscles are innervated by the suboccipital nerve, which is the dorsal ramus of the first cervical nerve (C1).

Clinical Significance

Dysfunction or injury to the rectus capitis muscles can lead to neck pain and restricted movement. Conditions such as tension headaches and cervicogenic headaches may be associated with these muscles.

See Also

• Suboccipital muscles
• Atlas (C1)
• Axis (C2)
• Occipital bone
• Atlanto-occipital joint
• Suboccipital nerve