Red mullet

Édouard Manet - Rouget et Anguille

Red mullet are two species of fish in the Mullidae family, known scientifically as Mullus barbatus and Mullus surmuletus. These species are found in the Mediterranean Sea, the Black Sea, and the North Atlantic Ocean. Red mullet are highly prized for their delicate flavor, making them a popular choice in culinary traditions across their range.

Description

Red mullet have a distinctive appearance, characterized by their bright red or orange coloration. They typically grow to a length of 20-30 cm, but some individuals can reach up to 40 cm. Both species have two long barbels on their lower jaws, which they use to search for food in the seabed, including small invertebrates and detritus.

Habitat and Distribution

Red mullet are benthic fish, preferring sandy or muddy substrates where they can use their barbels to detect prey. They are commonly found at depths of up to 100 meters, though Mullus barbatus has been recorded at depths of 300 meters. Their distribution includes the warm and temperate waters of the Mediterranean Sea, the Black Sea, and the eastern Atlantic Ocean from the British Isles to Senegal, including the Canary Islands and the Azores.

Diet

The diet of red mullet consists mainly of small invertebrates, such as crustaceans, mollusks, and worms. They use their sensitive barbels to detect the movement of prey in the substrate.

Fishing and Culinary Use

Red mullet are subject to both commercial and recreational fishing due to their high value as a food fish. They are caught using trawls, gillnets, and handlines. In culinary contexts, red mullet are known for their fine, white flesh and are often prepared grilled, baked, or fried. They are a common feature in Mediterranean cuisine, appearing in dishes such as the French rouget barbet à la Provençale.

Conservation

While red mullet populations are currently stable, they face threats from overfishing and habitat degradation. Sustainable fishing practices and habitat protection are crucial for ensuring the long-term survival of these species.