Reduced enamel epithelium

Reduced Enamel Epithelium

The Reduced Enamel Epithelium (REE) is a layer of cells that forms on the surface of a tooth during the late stages of tooth development. It is derived from the enamel organ, and its primary function is to protect the underlying dental enamel from damage during tooth eruption.

File:Tooth development diagram en.svg

Diagram of tooth development showing the formation of the reduced enamel epithelium.

Formation

The reduced enamel epithelium is formed as the ameloblasts, the cells responsible for enamel production, undergo a transformation process. This process is triggered by the completion of enamel formation. The ameloblasts, which were once tall, columnar cells, become shorter and flatter, forming a thin layer of squamous epithelium. This layer is the reduced enamel epithelium.

Function

The primary function of the reduced enamel epithelium is to protect the underlying enamel during tooth eruption. The REE forms a physical barrier between the enamel and the oral environment, preventing damage from mechanical forces and bacterial invasion.

In addition to its protective role, the REE also plays a role in the formation of the periodontium, the tissues that support the teeth. After tooth eruption, the REE fuses with the oral epithelium to form the junctional epithelium, a specialized tissue that seals the gap between the tooth and the gum tissue.

Clinical Significance

Abnormalities in the formation or function of the reduced enamel epithelium can lead to dental problems. For example, if the REE does not form properly, the underlying enamel may be exposed to damage, leading to tooth sensitivity or decay.

Furthermore, abnormalities in the transformation of the REE into the junctional epithelium can lead to periodontal disease. This is because the junctional epithelium plays a crucial role in sealing the space between the tooth and the gum tissue, preventing the invasion of bacteria.

File:Periodontitis before and after.jpg

Periodontitis, a potential consequence of abnormalities in the transformation of the reduced enamel epithelium.

See Also

• Tooth development
• Ameloblasts
• Enamel organ
• Periodontium