Refined coal

Refined Coal

Refined coal is a type of coal that has been processed to improve its quality and reduce its environmental impact. This processing typically involves the removal of impurities and the addition of substances to reduce emissions when the coal is burned. Refined coal is used primarily in power generation and industrial applications.

Overview

Refined coal is produced by treating raw coal with various chemicals and processes to enhance its combustion properties and reduce the emission of pollutants such as sulfur dioxide (SO₂), nitrogen oxides (NOₓ), and mercury. The refining process can also increase the energy content of the coal, making it more efficient as a fuel source.

Production Process

The production of refined coal involves several steps:

1. Coal Selection: The process begins with the selection of suitable raw coal, which is typically bituminous or sub-bituminous coal.

2. Chemical Treatment: The selected coal is treated with chemicals that bind to impurities and facilitate their removal. Common chemicals used include calcium oxide and sodium bicarbonate.

3. Physical Processing: The coal may undergo physical processes such as washing, crushing, and screening to remove impurities and improve its size consistency.

4. Emission Reduction Additives: Additives are mixed with the coal to reduce emissions during combustion. These additives can include sorbents that capture sulfur and mercury.

5. Drying: The refined coal is often dried to reduce moisture content, which improves its combustion efficiency.

Environmental Benefits

Refined coal offers several environmental benefits compared to raw coal:

- Reduced Emissions: The use of refined coal can significantly lower emissions of SO₂, NOₓ, and mercury, which are harmful pollutants associated with coal combustion. - Improved Efficiency: By increasing the energy content and reducing moisture, refined coal burns more efficiently, leading to lower carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions per unit of energy produced.

Applications

Refined coal is primarily used in:

- Power Generation: Many coal-fired power plants use refined coal to meet environmental regulations and improve efficiency. - Industrial Processes: Industries that require high-temperature processes, such as steel manufacturing, may use refined coal as a cleaner fuel option.

Challenges

Despite its benefits, the use of refined coal faces several challenges:

- Cost: The refining process adds to the cost of coal, which can be a barrier to widespread adoption. - Market Acceptance: Some power plants and industries may be reluctant to switch from traditional coal due to existing infrastructure and supply contracts.

Also see

- Coal - Coal gasification - Clean coal technology - Carbon capture and storage