Respiratory infection

From WikiMD's Wellness Encyclopedia

Respiratory infection refers to a variety of infectious diseases that affect the respiratory system. These infections can be caused by a range of pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi, and can affect any part of the respiratory system, from the nasal and sinus passages to the lungs.

Types of Respiratory Infections[edit | edit source]

There are several types of respiratory infections, which can be broadly categorized into upper and lower respiratory tract infections.

Upper Respiratory Tract Infections[edit | edit source]

Upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) affect the nose, sinuses, and throat. Common types of URTIs include:

  • Common cold: A viral infection that primarily affects the nose.
  • Sinusitis: An inflammation or swelling of the tissue lining the sinuses.
  • Tonsillitis: An infection of the tonsils caused by either a virus or bacteria.
  • Laryngitis: An inflammation of the voice box from overuse, irritation, or infection.

Lower Respiratory Tract Infections[edit | edit source]

Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) affect the airways and lungs. Common types of LRTIs include:

  • Bronchitis: An inflammation of the lining of the bronchial tubes, which carry air to and from the lungs.
  • Pneumonia: An infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs, which may fill with fluid.
  • Tuberculosis: A serious bacterial infection that mainly affects the lungs.
  • Pulmonary abscess: A pus-filled cavity in the lung.

Causes[edit | edit source]

Respiratory infections can be caused by a variety of organisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. The specific cause often depends on the type of infection and the individual's overall health and immune status.

Symptoms[edit | edit source]

Symptoms of respiratory infections can vary widely, but often include cough, shortness of breath, and fever. Other symptoms can include sore throat, nasal congestion, headache, muscle aches, and fatigue.

Treatment[edit | edit source]

Treatment for respiratory infections depends on the specific type of infection and the severity of symptoms. It may include rest, fluids, over-the-counter medications to relieve symptoms, and in some cases, antibiotics or antiviral medications.

Prevention[edit | edit source]

Prevention strategies for respiratory infections include good hand hygiene, vaccination, and avoiding close contact with people who are sick.





Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD