Decongestant

Decongestants are a type of medicine that are used to relieve nasal congestion in the upper respiratory tract. The active ingredient in decongestants is usually either pseudoephedrine or phenylephrine.

Mechanism of Action

Decongestants work by constricting the blood vessels in the nose, which reduces the amount of blood flow to the area. This in turn reduces swelling and congestion.

Types of Decongestants

There are two main types of decongestants: oral decongestants and nasal decongestants.

Oral Decongestants

Oral decongestants are taken by mouth and are typically used to treat symptoms of a cold, allergies, or a sinus infection. They are available over-the-counter and by prescription.

Nasal Decongestants

Nasal decongestants are applied directly to the nasal passages. They are typically used to treat symptoms of a cold, allergies, or a sinus infection. They are available over-the-counter and by prescription.

Side Effects

Like all medicines, decongestants can cause side effects. These can include:

• Insomnia
• Nervousness
• Dizziness
• Increased heart rate
• Increased blood pressure

Precautions

Decongestants should not be used by people with certain health conditions, including:

• High blood pressure
• Heart disease
• Glaucoma
• Thyroid disease
• Diabetes

See Also

• Antihistamines
• Cough suppressants
• Expectorants