Ruby Hirose

Ruby Hirose at the William S. Merrell Laboratories

Ruby Hirose (1904–1960) was an American biochemist and bacteriologist known for her significant contributions to the development of vaccines and serums. She was one of the pioneering women in the field of science during a time when it was uncommon for women, especially those of Asian descent, to be recognized in scientific communities.

Early Life and Education

Ruby Hirose was born in 1904 in Auburn, Washington. She was of Japanese descent, and her family faced significant racial discrimination. Despite these challenges, Hirose excelled academically. She attended the University of Washington, where she earned her bachelor's degree in pharmacy. She later pursued a Ph.D. in biochemistry at the University of Cincinnati.

Career and Research

Hirose's research primarily focused on the development of vaccines and serums. She worked extensively on the polio vaccine, contributing to the early stages of its development. Her work in bacteriology also included research on diphtheria and tetanus antitoxins.

Polio Vaccine Development

During her tenure at the Eli Lilly Company, Hirose was part of a team that worked on the development of the polio vaccine. Her contributions were crucial in understanding the virus and developing methods to combat it. This work laid the foundation for the later success of the Salk vaccine.

Other Contributions

In addition to her work on vaccines, Hirose conducted significant research on the biochemistry of various diseases. Her studies on the immune system and its response to different pathogens were groundbreaking at the time.

Legacy and Recognition

Ruby Hirose's contributions to science were recognized posthumously. She was a trailblazer for women and minorities in science, breaking barriers and setting a precedent for future generations. Her work has had a lasting impact on the field of biochemistry and public health.

Personal Life

Despite her professional success, Hirose faced significant racial and gender-based discrimination throughout her life. She remained dedicated to her work and continued to push the boundaries of scientific research until her death in 1960.

See Also

• List of female scientists before the 20th century
• History of polio
• Women in science