Russula xerampelina

Russula xerampelina, commonly known as the shrimp mushroom, is a species of mushroom belonging to the genus Russula. It is notable for its distinctive seafood-like odor, particularly reminiscent of shrimp, hence its common name. This mushroom is part of the large Russulaceae family, which is characterized by mushrooms with brittle flesh due to the presence of spherical cells called spherocysts.

Description

Russula xerampelina features a cap that can range in color from red to purple, often with greenish or brownish tones, and it typically measures 5 to 15 cm in diameter. The cap's surface is smooth and can become sticky to the touch when wet. The margin of the cap is initially rolled inward but flattens with age. Underneath the cap, the gills are white to cream, attached to the stem, and spaced closely together.

The stem of the mushroom is white, sometimes staining slightly yellow or pink with age, and measures 4 to 10 cm in height and 1 to 2.5 cm in diameter. The flesh of the mushroom is white and does not change color upon exposure to air, a characteristic feature of many Russula species. It has a mild to slightly peppery taste and a distinctive odor reminiscent of cooked shrimp or crab.

Habitat and Distribution

Russula xerampelina is a mycorrhizal fungus, forming symbiotic associations with the roots of various trees, including both hardwoods and conifers. This mushroom is commonly found in forests across North America and Europe, particularly in areas with rich, moist soil. It fruits from late summer to fall, emerging from the ground near its host trees.

Edibility

This species is considered edible and is appreciated by some for its unique aroma and flavor. However, as with all wild mushrooms, caution is advised when foraging for Russula xerampelina due to the potential for confusion with toxic species. Proper identification by an experienced mycologist is recommended before consumption.

Similar Species

Russula xerampelina can be confused with other red or purple Russula species, some of which may be toxic. Key distinguishing features include its shrimp-like odor, the coloration of its cap, and its association with both hardwoods and conifers. The peppery taste of its flesh, which is mild compared to some other Russula species, can also help in its identification.

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